Using Trap Transfer Bias for Texturing
This tutorial assumes you are already familiar with the material in The Basics of UltraFractal 5 and Its Use of Classes, Changing and Exploring Plug-ins, Transforms as Plug-ins, Application of Texture and Advanced Topics in Applying Textures. This tutorial will be using most of the plug-ins covered in the previous tutorials. In addition to Orbit Traps Gradient we will also be using Image Traps which has additional parameters for texturing that work well with Trap Transfer Bias. Since we will be using Image Traps an outline of the user parameters and plug-ins follows. A snapshot of the default Image Trap parameters are shown below.
Trap Mode and Trap Color Mode have names that are the same as slots in Orbit Traps Gradient, and the function in much the same way. They are however, different in that they also manage colors, including images, from the Colors slot. Image edge fade, Alpha Threshold, and the entire section of Images and Coloring will not be used in this tutorial with the exception of the No Image Color parameter. This parameter must be set to transparent so that gradient transparency will work in the same manner as for Orbit Traps Gradient. The rest of the slots should look familiar from the previous tutorials on Orbit Traps Gradient.
When a texture (trap shape) plug-in is put in the texture slot, some new parameters appear that are useful in managing textures, and which work in concert with Trap Transfer Bias. The next snapshot shows the new parameters, including the Trap Transfer Bias parameters:
As you have probably discovered in applying textures in the Challenges it can be difficult to keep the texture from seriously distorting the main trap shape. This occurs because the texture values are added to the distances from the trap shape, and textures usually have regions with negative values. These negative values are largely responsible for the serious trap distortions, but are also responsible for much of the "character" of the texture. Trap Transfer Bias helps manage this issue by setting any texture values less than zero to zero. Distance bias can be used to shift, or bias the zero point by subtracting the Distance bias value from the texture value. This will be illustrated in the two frame window for the first upr. The first upr will use Orbit Traps Gradient, so only Trap Transfer Bias can be used to manage the texture. In subsequent uprs Image Traps will be used, so Weight by Distance and Weight by Threshold will also be available. All of the textures used in this tutorial are ones that often seriously distort the trap shapes without some kind of texture management. The upr examples also purposely use large texture amounts so that serious distortion will occur without the use of texture helper tools.
First, a bit of explanation about the parameters in Trap Transfer Bias. This plug-in is essentially an enhanced version of Trap Transfer, and has all the same parameters as Trap Transfer, plus two more. The common parameters are;
Pre-offset
Pre-scale
Offset
Function
Post-offset
Post-scale
Final offset
No Negative values
Use Transformed Coordinate
The new parameters are:
Distance bias
Cut at zero
The parameters in Trap Transfer by themselves have little utility in managing heavy textures, but become useful when combined with Distance bias and Cut at zero, especially Pre-scale, Function and Post-scale. The No Negative values parameter has virtually no utility in managing heavy textures, and is incompatible with Cut at zero, so when it is checked, Cut at zero is not longer visible. Distance bias is really the key parameter. It is visible only when Cut at zero is checked. Distance bias manages the texture value so that the texture value never drops below the value set in Distance bias. Please examine the the following uprs below that use Trap Transfer Bias (i.e. have Cut at zero checked) very carefully to see how it works.
And now the first upr: Both the left and right panels use Perlin Noise Texture from mt.ulb and have the following settings in common:
TrapShape Block is used with Trap scale = 0.05 within Trap Position
Texture amount = 1.0
This is a large value for the texture amount, and as you can see, the left panel looks terrible. The trap shape is almost lost and the color is a mess. The right panel uses Trap Transfer Bias. Look at the settings in Trap Transfer Bias (look in the layer labeled "Right Panel"). Even in this extreme case with a high level of texture, Trap Transfer Bias does a credible job of managing the texture without destroying the shape. To see the image without texture set the texture amount to zero on either the left panel or right panel layers.
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The next upr is very similar to Tutorial_16, at least in appearance. Rather than using Orbit Traps Gradient this upr uses Image Traps and one of the special help parameters to manage textures.
As previously, both the left and right panels use Perlin Noise Texture from mt.ulb and have the following settings in common:
TrapShape Block is used with Trap scale = 0.05 within Trap Position
Texture amount = 1.0
What is different is that Trap Transfer Bias is not used. Instead, Weight by Distance is used. The user should vary Distance weight and Distance power to see the effects on the texture. What Weight by Distance does is decrease the amount of texture as the trap distance increases. It is most suitable for Trap modes like Closest which do not normally use a threshold value. notice that Weight by Distance does a better job of maintaining the highlights than Trap Transfer Bias.
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The texturing in the next upr is so heavy that it literally drills holes all the way through the trap shape. Other than the holes, the trap shape has little distortion. This was accomplished by using a combination of Trap Transfer Bias and Weight by Threshold. Weight by Threshold works by decreasing the amount of texture as the trap distance approaches the threshold. The left panel with no texture aids is a total mess. The right panel shows and example of extra heavy texturing. If you want to make a comparison between the untextured shape and the textured shape, go the the layer for the left panel and set the texture amount to zero. Notice in trap Transfer Bias I have used a transfer function of log(). I have found the log function very useful in cases of heavy shape distortion.
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}
The last upr makes use of texturing, masking, transparency and limited iterations, and is a zoom of over 10,000x into the Mandelbrot set. It also uses Trap Transfer Bias and Weight by Threshold to manage texture. The user should examine each layer to see what is being done and how the effects are achieved. The user should also vary parameters on the various layers to see the effects.
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}
Texturing is nice, and adds much to an image. Unfortunately, however, it is not a good vehicle for adding colors. The ColorTrapShape Block wrapper provides a way to add colors that match the textures for many texture formulas. The upr and image for Tutorial_20 build upon Tutorial_18. The same trap shape that was used for the texture is set up in this upr to also provide coloring. Notice that within ColorTrapShape Block that Trap Position and Trap Transfer Bias have the same settings as were used for the texture. Examine this upr carefully to see how it was constructed and how it works. Try different color array plug-ins to see the effects on the coloring.
Tutorial_20 {
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}
